{"id":638,"date":"2020-07-07T16:36:03","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/?page_id=638"},"modified":"2020-07-13T10:57:47","modified_gmt":"2020-07-13T17:57:47","slug":"symphoricarpos-albus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/symphoricarpos-albus\/","title":{"rendered":"Symphoricarpos albus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Family: Caprifoliaceae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common name: Common snowberry<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E-flora BC: <a href=\"https:\/\/linnet.geog.ubc.ca\/Atlas\/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Symphoricarpos%20albus\">https:\/\/linnet.geog.ubc.ca\/Atlas\/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Symphoricarpos%20albus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphoricarpos_albus\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphoricarpos_albus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common snowberry belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae, like its family members the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/lonicera-sp-ciliosa-hispidula\/\" target=\"_blank\">honeysuckles<\/a>, common snowberry is characterized by smooth round stems, oppositely arranged leaves, and clustered flowers and fruit . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview-788x530.jpg 788w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-overview.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Common snowberry is a delicate plant with thin stems, but it can form large, tangled thickets in open woods. The plant can spread vegetatively via rhizomes (underground stems). This photo was taken at Pipers Lagoon park. The tree trunks in the background are <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/pseudotsuga-menziesii-douglas-fir\/\" target=\"_blank\">Douglas-firs<\/a>. Photo credit: Lynda Stevens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If we&#8217;re hasty, we might mistake snowberry for red huckleberry (<em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/vaccinium-parvifolium\/\" target=\"_blank\">Vaccinium parvifolium<\/a><\/em>) &#8211; both have delicate foliage and thin stems. But look at the leaf arrangement, and inspect the stem closely: snowberry has opposite leaf arrangement and smooth, round stems; red huckleberry has alternate leaf arrangement and green, sharp-ridged stems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"783\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-1024x783.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-768x587.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-1536x1175.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement-788x603.jpg 788w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-4-leaf-arrangement.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Snowberry leaves are elliptic to oval in shape (but see below too!), they are arranged oppositely along the stem. The stem itself is smooth and round. Photo credit: Lynda Stevens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rachelvulk-iNat.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"699\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rachelvulk-iNat.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/foliage-via-rachelvulk-inat\/\" class=\"wp-image-699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rachelvulk-iNat.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rachelvulk-iNat-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rwh-iNat.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"700\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rwh-iNat.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/foliage-via-rwh-inat\/\" class=\"wp-image-700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rwh-iNat.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-via-rwh-iNat-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"707\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/foliage\/\" class=\"wp-image-707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage-788x1051.jpg 788w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/foliage.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Foliage of different common snowberry specimens. Note that some leaves are distinctly lobed &#8211; this is a juvenile trait (see the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/hedera-helix\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hedera helix<\/a> page for a discussion on juvenile-adult transition in plants). Flower-bearing shoots typically have smooth-edged leaves. Photo credit: rwh and rachelvulk via iNaturalist<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The flower and fruit arrangement of snowberry is similar to its close relatives, the honeysuckles (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/lonicera-sp-ciliosa-hispidula\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Lonicera<\/em> sp.<\/a>), they&#8217;re clustered at the ends of stems. The flowers of snowberry are important for native bees and hummingbirds, as they provide both nectar and pollen. The berries are eaten by e.g. towhees and robins. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-1024x619.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-1024x619.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-768x464.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-1536x929.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-788x477.jpg 788w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Flowers of common snowberry range in colour from white to pink. They are bell-shaped with a lobed edge. Note how the flowers are clustered together at the end of a twig. Photo credit: Lynda Stevens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-dPom-iNat.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-dPom-iNat.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-dPom-iNat-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-dPom-iNat-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-7-flower-dPom-iNat-788x591.jpg 788w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Photo credit: Donna Pomeroy via iNaturalist<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The scientific name <em>Symphoricarpos albus<\/em> is descriptive: sym = (Greek) together, phore = (Greek) bearer, carpos =(Greek) fruit, albus = (Latin) white, i.e. &#8220;white fruits borne together&#8221;. The berries are not used as a food source for humans, they are extremely bitter and probably a bit poisonous. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-iancruickshank-iNat.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-iancruickshank-iNat.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-iancruickshank-iNat-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-iancruickshank-iNat-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-iancruickshank-iNat-788x591.jpeg 788w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Fruits of common snowberry clustered at the end of a stem. <br>Photo credit: Ian Cruickshank via iNaturalist<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The fruits of snowberry persist on the plant long into winter and brighten up the landscape. In late fall, after leaf-drop, a large thicket of fruit-bearing snowberry bushes look like a drift of snow. It&#8217;s a beautiful plant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-haida_gwaii-iNat.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-haida_gwaii-iNat.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/files\/2020\/07\/snowberry-fruit-haida_gwaii-iNat-225x300.jpeg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption>The berries of common snowberry often persist on the plant after the leaves have dropped in late fall. Compare the arrangement of the fruit to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/lonicera-sp-ciliosa-hispidula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">honeysuckle<\/a>. Photo credit: haida_gwaii via iNaturalist<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Family: Caprifoliaceae Common name: Common snowberry E-flora BC: https:\/\/linnet.geog.ubc.ca\/Atlas\/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Symphoricarpos%20albus Wikipedia: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphoricarpos_albus Common snowberry belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae, like its family members the honeysuckles, common snowberry is characterized by smooth [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2649,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-638","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2649"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=638"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":807,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/638\/revisions\/807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol223\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}