{"id":6715,"date":"2024-10-25T18:57:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T18:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/?p=6715"},"modified":"2024-12-03T05:22:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T05:22:08","slug":"taking-a-peep-at-the-western-sandpiper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/2024\/10\/25\/taking-a-peep-at-the-western-sandpiper\/","title":{"rendered":"Taking a &#8220;Peep&#8221; at the Western Sandpiper"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drew Kuipers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viu Ornithology, BIOL 325<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western Sandpipers (<em>Calidris mauri<\/em>) are small, round shorebirds that have staked their claim over the West Coast. These chunky little &#8216;peeps&#8217; (collective nickname for sandpipers) are one of the most numerous shorebirds in the Pacific North Coast of America (Natureweb, 2022). They delight British Columbians each year when they grace us with their presence as they play international hopscotch. There is far more to Western Sandpipers than meets the eye, even if you have to squint to see them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1-1024x326.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1-1024x326.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1-300x95.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1-768x244.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-4-1.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Tim Lens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>CLASS:<\/strong> AVES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ORDER: <\/strong>CHARADRIIFORMES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>FAMILY:<\/strong> SCOLOPACIDAE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GENUS:<\/strong> CALIDRIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>SPECIES:<\/strong> C. MAURI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifying a Western Sandpiper<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-1-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" data-id=\"6721\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-1-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-1-2.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-1-2-300x225.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Dorian Anderson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"539\" data-id=\"6723\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6723\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2-1.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2-1-300x225.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Mike Cameron<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-10.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"532\" data-id=\"6722\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-10.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-10.jpeg 710w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-10-300x225.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Ian Davies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Breeding Adult<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non-Breeding Adult<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Juvenile<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During their breeding season (spring\/summer), Western Sandpipers sport <strong>rufous highlights<\/strong> on their crown, cheek and their backs. Their backs are a mosaic of black, orange and brown, while their chests are adorned with black arrows. Although in their non-breeding season (winter), they dial it back with a more plain, conservative look: grey uppers and white below. Juveniles seem to be an amalgamation of the two, their bellies white and their uppers grey with hints of rust and gold (All About Birds, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Distinguish them further from other peeps by checking for field marks such as: <strong>black legs<\/strong> and <strong>long bill<\/strong>, that droops lightly at the tip (All About Birds, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2024-10-21-at-4.36\u202fPM.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6743 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2024-10-21-at-4.36\u202fPM.jpeg 840w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2024-10-21-at-4.36\u202fPM-300x156.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-2024-10-21-at-4.36\u202fPM-768x399.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At 22-35g, adult Western Sandpipers weigh less than a slice of bread, and measure 14-17cm, no longer than a crisp $5 dollar bill (All About Birds, 2024).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Listen Up: Vocalizations of the Western Sandpiper<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their Songs are filled with buzzy trills and strings of &#8216;<em>tweer<\/em>&#8216; sounds, while their calls are short, harsh &#8216;<em>jeets<\/em>&#8216; (All About Birds, 2024). Next time you&#8217;re at the beach, listen for the following adorable, yet <em>powerful <\/em>sounds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Songs:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/XC323087-Western-Sandpiper-Calidris-mauri.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Peter Boesman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Calls: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Western-Sandpiper-Calidris-mauri-1.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Patrick Aberg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Small Birds, <em>Big<\/em> Migration<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2-1024x198.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2-1024x198.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2-300x58.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2-768x149.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-9-2.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Jason Puddifoot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western Sandpipers have made themselves known to North and South Americans alike. They breed in the dry tundra of Southern Siberia and Western Alaska, and like many retired Canadians, they spend their winters someplace warmer. Their overwintering areas range from California, all the way down to Peru (Birds Canada, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like being on a long road trip, these birds frequently stop, rest and refuel on their long migrations. British Columbia acts as a crucial pit stop for Western Sandpipers, during their spring and fall migrations, nearly the <strong>entire<\/strong> population passes through the province&#8217;s coast. BC&#8217;s Fraser River Estuary is a hot spot to see these birds during their migrations (Birds Canada, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:133px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/migrationblog.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/migrationblog.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/migrationblog.jpg 452w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/migrationblog-252x300.jpg 252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: allaboutbirds.org <br><br><strong>FUN FACT:<\/strong> <br>Males outnumber females in the more Northern overwintering areas, while females outnumber males in the more Southern over wintering areas (All About Birds, 2024).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Home is Where the Mud is<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western Sandpipers are most commonly found near the coast, they can be seen roving about areas of low\/middle tides, and tidal mudflats. When further inland, they inhabit muddy lakeshores, sewage lagoons, and flooded fields. Western Sandpipers are also known to make a home out of salt pans, evaporation ponds and even abandoned shrimp farms. They prefer their breeding grounds in tundra habitat with dwarf vegetation (All About Birds, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-11.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Jennifer O&#8217;Neill<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Behaviour: Feeding &amp; Breeding<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You&#8217;ll often see these little birds hurrying around in the distance, busying themselves by searching for their next meal (All About Birds, 2024). They&#8217;ll often fly away as a collective if you get too close, so bring some binoculars if you want to observe some Western Sandpipers in all their glory. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:84px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Western Sandpipers are <strong>ground foragers<\/strong>. They&#8217;re known to feed on aquatic invertebrates, spiders, insects (Sutherland et al., 2000). They can also sift through biofilm to snack on microbes, diatoms and detritus (Kuwae et al., 2008).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-1024x820.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-1024x820.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-300x240.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-768x615.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-1536x1229.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-5-2048x1639.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Ronan Donovan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Western Sandpipers feeding, Cordova, Alaska\" width=\"1180\" height=\"885\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HtYbrVHsq0U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">        <strong>Western Sandpipers Feeding in a Mudflat<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:69px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Resembling tiny sewing machines, they feed by repeatedly probing their long bills into soft substrates, like mud or sand, eating whatever their bills run into (Sutherland et al., 2000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">The Breeding Season:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the breeding season up North, Western Sandpipers don&#8217;t pack as densely as they do while in their overwintering habitat. Despite their size, male Western Sandpipers will fiercely defend territories ranging from 0.5-3.5 acres, and will attack any &#8216;peep&#8217; that dares enter (All About Birds, 2024). These peeps are monogamous and both males and females participate in incubation and chick rearing (Holmes, 1973). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Females choose the nest site and males will prepare the nests. They have 2-4 eggs per clutch, and only one clutch per breeding season. Westerns Sandpipers build their nests out of lichens, willow leaves, and much more (All About Birds, 2024). (Photo credit: Sergey Golubev)<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"775\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16-1024x775.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6855 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16-1024x775.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16-300x227.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16-768x581.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16-1536x1163.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-16.jpeg 1585w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conservation Status<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thankfully, our friends the Western Sandpipers, fall on the in the <strong>&#8216;Least Concern&#8217;<\/strong> category of the International Unions for Conservation of Nature&#8217;s (IUCN) red list. This means that western sandpipers are plentiful in the wild (a whopping ~3.5 million individuals) and are not the focus of conservation efforts, they do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or conservation-dependent (Canada.ca, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1-1024x244.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1-1024x244.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1-300x72.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1-768x183.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-13-1.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: fscbiodiverisity.uk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although their numbers are high, Canada plays a big role in the maintenance of Western Sandpiper populations. British Columbia acts as a migration bottleneck, almost the entire population rests and refuels on BC&#8217;s coasts as they travel to and from their breeding grounds. Maintaining Western Sandpiper stopover habitats (ie. intertidal and wetland) will be key to preserving the conservation status of these adorable birds (Canada.ca, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-background-color has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-12aee4f94f69c6576a86535fbc0f8bb6\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-888fe91f wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research: Altering Migratory Timing to Avoid Predation<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6827\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-14.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Joshua Stacy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing of Western Sandpiper Migration was mostly attributed to food availability at stopover sites, although it may be more complicated than once thought. Since the banning of DDT in the 1970s, (an insecticide that nearly decimated raptor populations) raptor numbers are increasing, including those of the Peregrine Falcon (<em>Falco peregrinus<\/em>). Peregrine Falcons are an important predator of the Western Sandpiper and since their increase, scientists have noticed altered migratory timing and behaviour in our peeps of interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a data analysis article: Seasonal and inter-annual\u2009\u2009variation\u2009\u2009in exposure to peregrines (<em>Falco peregrinus)<\/em>\u00a0for southbound western sandpipers (<em>Calidris mauri<\/em>), researcher Ronald C. Ydenberg compiled 16 years of Western Sandpiper migratory data from the Fraser River Estuary, BC. Ydenberg compared the sandpiper southbound migration behaviour in comparison to the arrival of the Peregrines after their breeding season in the spring. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Ydenberg found that increased exposure to Peregrines during southward migration stopovers correlated with earlier migrations and shorter stopover durations.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"685\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-15.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6837 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-15.jpeg 685w, https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/files\/2024\/10\/Image-15-300x158.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Results suggest that Western Sandpipers are actively manipulating migration factors such as: duration and timing to limit risk of predation from Peregrine falcons. This shows Western Sandpipers can display plasticity in their behaviours in order to stay safe, and makes one think about how the conservation of one organism, can affect the behaviours of others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Archives. \u201cThe Western Sandpiper.\u201d\u00a0<em>Natureweb<\/em>, 13 July 2022, natureweb.co\/western-sandpiper\/. Accessed 25 Oct. 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Holmes, Richard T. \u201cSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR of BREEDING WESTERN SANDPIPERS CALIDRIS MAURI.\u201d\u00a0<em>Ibis<\/em>, vol. 115, no. 1, 3 Apr. 2008, pp. 107\u2013123, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1474-919x.1973.tb02627.x. Accessed 29 Apr. 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lenoir, Audrey Steren. \u201cWestern Sandpiper \u2013 Showy Shore Socialite.\u201d\u00a0<em>Birds Canada | Oiseaux Canada<\/em>, 31 Mar. 2023, www.birdscanada.org\/westernsandpiper. Accessed 25 Oct. 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sutherland, T. F., et al. \u201cPredation on Meiofaunal and Macrofaunal Invertebrates by Western Sandpipers ( Calidris Mauri ): Evidence for Dual Foraging Modes.\u201d\u00a0<em>Marine Biology<\/em>, vol. 137, no. 5-6, 12 Dec. 2000, pp. 983\u2013993, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002270000406. Accessed 11 Sept. 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tomohiro Kuwae, et al. \u201cBIOFILM GRAZING in a HIGHER VERTEBRATE: THE WESTERN SANDPIPER,<em>CALIDRIS MAURI.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<em>Ecology<\/em>, vol. 89, no. 3, 1 Mar. 2008, pp. 599\u2013606, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/07-1442.1. Accessed 13 Oct. 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cWestern Sandpiper Overview, All about Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology.\u201d\u00a0<em>Www.allaboutbirds.org<\/em>, www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Western_Sandpiper\/overview.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ydenberg, Ronald C. \u201cSeasonal and Inter-Annual\u2009\u2009Variation\u2009\u2009in Exposure to Peregrines (Falco Peregrinus) for Southbound Western Sandpipers (Calidris Mauri).\u201d\u00a0<em>Movement Ecology<\/em>, vol. 10, no. 1, 27 Oct. 2022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40462-022-00343-4. Accessed 9 Dec. 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Drew Kuipers Viu Ornithology, BIOL 325 Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) are small, round shorebirds that have staked their claim over the West Coast. These chunky little &#8216;peeps&#8217; (collective nickname for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5818,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5818"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6715"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6715\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6859,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6715\/revisions\/6859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.viu.ca\/biol325\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}